Legal tablet & envelope excavated in Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah), dated to the Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) period and now kept in British Museum, London, UK
tablet obverse 1. 1/2(disz) _sar e2 du3-a_ ts: mišil mūšar bītam epšam en: A built house plot of 30 shekels 2. _ki_ {d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 ts: itti šamaš-bēl-ilī en: from Šamaš-bēl-ilī 3. {disz}ni-id-nu-sza ts: nidnuša en: Nidnuša 4. _in-szi-in-sa10_ ts: išām en: had bought. 5. {disz}{d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 ts: šamaš-bēl-ilī en: Šamaš-bēl-ilī 6. ib-qu2-ur-szu-ma ts: ibquršūma en: has claimed (against) him and then 7. _di-ku5-mesz_ di-nam ts: dayyānū dīnam en: the judges a trial 8. u2-sza-hi-zu-szu-nu-ti-ma ts: ušāḫizūšunūtīma en: have granted them and 9. _dub_-pi2 la ra-ga-mi-im ts: ṭuppi la ragāmim en: a “No-claim” tablet 10. szu-zu-ub ts: šūzub en: has been made out. 11. 2(disz)# _gin2 ku3-babbar#_ ts: šinā šiqil kaspam en: 2 shekels of silver 12. [u2]-sze!-zi-bu-szu ts: ušēzibūšu en: (the judges) have made him (Šamaš-bēl-ilī) pay (lit. leave). 13. _mu_ {d}utu {d}a-a {d}amar-utu ts: nīš šamaš ayya marduk en: By the name of Šamaš, Ayya, Marduk reverse 1. u3 ha-am-mu-ra-pi2 _lugal_ ts: u ḫammurapi šarrim en: and Ḫammurapi the king 2. it-mu-u2 ts: itmû en: they have sworn. 3. _igi_ lu2-{d}iszkur ts: maḫar awīl-adad en: Before Awīl-adad 4. _dumu_ i-su2-ia ts: mār izuya en: son of Izuya; 5. _igi_ na-bi-{d}utu ts: maḫar nabi-šamaš en: before Nabi-Šamaš 6. _dumu_ i-la-la-ka ts: mār ilalaka en: son of Ilalaka; 7. _igi_ sza-<<ma>>-ba#-ia ts: maḫar šabaya en: before Šabaya 8. _dumu_ nu-ur2-{d}gibil6 ts: mār nūr-gibil en: son of Nūr-gibil; 9. _igi_ sin-pu-ut-ra-am ts: maḫar sîn-puṭram en: before Sîn-puṭram 10. _dumu_ ia-qar-dingir ts: mār iaqar-ilum en: son of Iaqar-ilum. 11. _mu_ ha-am-mu-ra-pi2 ts: šanat ḫammurapi en: The year “Ḫammurapi (is king)”. envelope obverse 1. 1/2(disz) _sar e2 du3-a_ ts: mišil mūšar bītam epšam en: A built house plot of 30 shekels 2. _ki_ {d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 ts: itti šamaš-bēl-ilī en: from Šamaš-bēl-ilī 3. {disz}ni-id-nu-sza ts: nidnuša en: Nidnuša 4. _in-szi-in-sa10_ ts: išām en: had bought. 5. {disz}{d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 ts: šamaš-bēl-ilī en: Šamaš-bēl-ilī 6. ib-qu2-ur-ma ts: ibqurma en: has claimed and then 7. _di-ku5-mesz_ di-nam ts: dayyānū dīnam en: the judges a trial 8. u2-sza-hi-zu-szu-nu-ti-ma ts: ušāḫizūšunūtīma en: have granted them and 9. _dub_-pi2 sza la ra-ga-mi-im szu-zu-ub ts: ṭuppi ša la ragāmim šūzub en: a tablet (promising) not to sue has been made out. 10. 2(disz) _gin2 ku3-babbar_ u2-<sze>-zi-bu!-szu ts: šinā šiqil kaspam ušēzibūšu en: (The judges) have made him pay 2 shekels of silver. 11. _mu_ {d}utu {d}a-a {d}amar-utu ts: nīš šamaš ayya marduk en: By the name of Šamaš, Ayya, Marduk 12. u3 ha-am-mu-ra-pi2 ts: u ḫammurapi en: and Ḫammurapi 13. it-mu-u2 ts: itmû en: they have sworn. seal impression bottom ts: kunuk šaba... en: Seal of Šaba ... reverse 1. _igi_ lu2-{d}iszkur ts: maḫar awīl-adad en: Before Awīl-adad 2. _dumu_ i-su2-ia ts: mār izuya en: son of Izuya; 3. _igi_ na-bi-{d}utu ts: maḫar nabi-šamaš en: before Nabi-Šamaš 4. _dumu_ i-la-la-ka ts: mār ilalaka en: son of Ilalaka; 5. _igi_ sza-ba-ia ts: maḫar šabaya en: before Šabaya 6. _dumu_ nu-ur2-{d}gibil6 ts: mār nūr-gibil en: son of Nūr-gibil; 7. _igi_ {d}suen-pu-ut-ra-am ts: maḫar sîn-puṭram en: before Sîn-puṭram 8. _dumu_ ia-qar-dingir ts: mār iaqar-ilum en: son of Iaqar-ilum; 9. _igi_ {d}utu-tab-ba-szu _dumu_ ha-li2-nu-um ts: maḫar šamaš-tappâšu mār ḫalinum en: before Šamaš-tappâšu son of Ḫalinum; 10. _igi_ u-bar-{d}utu _dumu_ ne-me-lum ts: maḫar ubār-šamaš mār nemelum en: before Ubār-šamaš son of Nemelum; 11. _igi_ si2-ia-tum _dumu_ sza-ba-ia ts: maḫar ziyatum mār šabaya en: before Ziyatum son of Šabaya; 12. _igi_ {d}suen-isz#-me#-an#-ni# _dumu_ hu-ba-s,um ts: maḫar sîn-išmeanni mār ḫubaṣum en: before Sîn-išmeanni son of Ḫubaṣum; 13. _igi_ {d}utu-x-x-ni _dumu_ {d}utu-na-da ts: maḫar šamaš... mār šamaš-nāda en: before Šamaš... son of Šamaš-nāda; 14. _igi_ ki-{d}utu-[...]-ki _dumu_ i-pi2-iq-[...] ts: maḫar itti-šamaš... mār ipiq... en: before Itti-šamaš... son of Ipiq...; 15. _igi_ dumu-{d}utu _dumu_ sin-ra-bi ts: maḫar mār-šamaš mār sîn-rabi en: before Mār-šamaš son of Sîn-rabi; 16. _igi_ sza-ma-ia-tum _dumu_ nu-ur2-{d}utu ts: maḫar šamayatum mār nūr-šamaš en: before Šamayatum son of Nūr-šamaš. seal impression left 1. _iti ziz2-UD u4 1(u) 5(disz)-kam_ ts: waraḫ šabāṭim ūmam ḫamiššeret en: The month of Šabāṭum, the day 15, 2. _mu_ ha-am-mu-ra-pi2 _lugal#_ ts: šanat ḫammurapi šarrum en: the year “Ḫammurapi is king” 3. _kiszib_ lu2-{d}utu ts: kunuk awīl-šamaš en: Seal of Awīl-šamaš 4. _kiszib_ sza bi x ts: kunuk šabi ... en: Seal of Šabi ... 5. _kiszib_ u-bar-{d}utu ts: kunuk ubār-šamaš en: Seal of Ubār-šamaš 6. _kiszib_ si2-ia-tum# ts: kunuk ziyatum en: Seal of Ziyatum seal impression right seal impression 1. <_kiszib_> na-bi-{d}utu ts: kunuk nabi-šamaš en: Seal of Nabi-šamaš seal 1 1. AN NI UD ts: ... en: ... seal 2 1. AN NI UD ts: ... en: ... 2. {d}utu ts: šamaš en: Šamaš