Legal tablet & envelope excavated in Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah), dated to the Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) period and now kept in British Museum, London, UK
tablet obverse 1. a-na _3(disz) 1/3(disz) sar 7(disz) gin2# [e2 du3-a_] ts: ana šalāšat u šaluš mūšar sebet šiqil bītim epšim en: Concerning a built house plot of 207 shekels 2. qa2-du-um _1(disz) 1/3(disz) kusz3 sag_ x [...] ts: qadum ištēn u šaluš ammat pūtim ... en: along with a front of 80 cubits ..., 3. ki-isz!-da-at {d}utu-be-el-[i3-li2] ts: kišdāt šamaš-bēl-ilī en: the acquisition from Šamaš-bēl-ilī 4. sza _ki_ {d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 _dumu_ s,il2-li2-{d}utu ts: ša itti šamaš-bēl-ilī mār ṣillī-šamaš en: that from Šamaš-bēl-ilī son of Ṣillī-šamaš 5. {disz}ma-an-na-szi _lukur_ {d}utu _dumu-munus_ ni-id-nu-sza ts: mannaši nadīt šamaš mārat nidnuša en: Mannaši nadītu of Šamaš daughter of Nidnuša 6. i-sza-mu i-tu-ur2 {d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 ts: išāmu itūr šamaš-bēl-ilī en: had bought, again Šamaš-bēl-ilī 7. a-na ma-an-na-szi _lukur_ {d}utu ir-gu-um-ma ts: ana mannaši nadīt šamaš irgumma en: brought a claim against Mannaši nadītu of Šamaš, so 8. _di-ku5-mesz_ di-nam u2-sza-hi-zu-szu-nu-ti-ma ts: dayyānū dīnam ušāḫizūšunūtīma en: the judges have tried against them and, 9. i-na sza-sza-ri-im sza {d}utu ts: ina ša(š)šārim ša šamaš en: by means of the saw of Šamaš, 10. _e2_ us-sa3-ni-iq-ma _1(u) 2(disz) gin2 e2_ ts: bītum ussa(n)niqma šinšeret šiqil bītum en: the house has been checked and 12 shekels of house 11. a-na _ka_ tup-pa-at szi-ma-tim im-t,i3-ma ts: ana pî ṭuppāt šīmātim imṭīma en: were lacking from the (amount in the) sale contracts; 12. ki-ma _1(u) 2(disz) gin2 e2 sila dagal-la_ ts: kīma šinšeret šiqil bītim ribītim en: instead of an area of 12 shekels by the square, 13. _1/2(disz)! sar e2_ wa-ar-ka-tum szu-pa-lum ts: šaluš mūšar bītum warkatum šupalum en: a rear area of 30 shekels, low-lying, 14. _da! e2_ dumu-bi-zi-za-na _dumu_ ra-ab-bi-ia ts: ṭēḫi bīt mār-bizizana mār rabbīya en: adjoining the house of Mār-bizizana son of Rabbīya, 15. a-na ma-an-na-szi in-na-di-in ts: ana mannaši innadin en: has been given to Mannaši. 16. asz-szum i-tu-ru-ma {d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 ts: aššum itūrūma šamaš-bēl-ilī en: Because Šamaš-bēl-ilī returned (to the matter) and 17. a-na ma-an-na-szi ir-gu-mu ts: ana mannaši irgumu en: complained against Mannaši, 18. ar-nam i-mi-du-szu ts: arnam īmidūšu en: (the judges) have imposed a penalty to him. 19. u2-ul i-ta-ar-ma ts: ul itârma en: (That) again reverse 1. {disz}{d}utu-be-el-i3-li2 ts: šamaš-bēl-ilī en: Šamaš-bēl-ilī, 2. {disz}{d}zar-pa-ni-tum-um-mi _dam-ni_ ts: zarpanitum-ummī aššassu en: his wife Zarpanitum-ummī, 3. {disz}be-le-ti-ia _lukur_ {d}utu ts: bēletīya nadīt šamaš en: Bēletīya the nadītu of Šamaš 4. u3 ta-ad-di-in-nu-nu _nu-<<NA>>-bar_ ts: u taddin-nunu kulmašītum en: and Taddin-nunu the kulmašītu, 5. _dumu-mesz_ ts: mārū en: the sons 6. a-na ma-an-na-szi _lukur_ {d}utu _dumu-munus_ ni-id-nu-sza ts: ana mannaši nadīt šamaš mārat nidnuša en: against Mannaši nadītu of Šamaš daughter of Nidnuša 7. u3 a-ah-hi-i-sza ts: u aḫḫīša en: and her brothers 8. u2-ul i-ra-ga-am ts: ul ira(g)gam en: will not sue, 9. _mu_ {d}utu {d}marduk ts: nīš šamaš marduk en: by the life of Šamaš, Marduk, 10. {disz}ha-am-mu-ra-pi2 u3 {iri}zimbir{ki} it-mu-u2 ts: ḫammurapi u sippar itmû en: Ḫammurapi and Sippar they have sworn. single ruling 11. _igi_ sin-e-ri-ba-am ts: maḫar sîn-erībam en: Before Sîn-erībam; 12. _igi_ na-ra-am-i3-li2-szu ts: maḫar nāram-ilīšu en: before Nāram-ilīšu; 13. _igi_ bur-sin ts: maḫar būr-sîn en: before Būr-sîn; 14. _igi_ mu-na-wi-rum _dumu_ i-ku-pi2-sza! ts: maḫar muna(w)wirum mār ikū(n)-pīša en: before Munawwirum son of Ikūn-pīša; 15. _igi_ dingir-szu-a-bu-szu _igi_ {d}utu-<an>-dul3-li2 ts: maḫar ilšu-abūšu maḫar šamaš-ṣulūlī en: before Ilšu-abūšu, before Šamaš-ṣulūlī 16. _dumu-me_ {d}utu-ga-mil ts: mārī šamaš-gāmil en: sons of Šamaš-gāmil; 17. _igi_ nu-ur2-i3-li2-szu _dumu_ sin-ub-lam ts: maḫar nūr-ilīšu mār sîn-ublam en: before Nūr-ilīšu son of Sîn-ublam; 18. _igi_ sin-na-s,ir _dumu_ en-nam-sin ts: maḫar sîn-nāṣir mār ennam-sîn en: before Sîn-nāṣir son of Ennam-sîn; 19. _igi_ sin-isz-me-a-ni _igi_ ib-ni-[{d}we-er] ts: maḫar sîn-išmea(n)ni maḫar ibni-wer en: before Sîn-išmeanni, before Ibni-wer, 20. _igi_ sin-re-me-ni _dumu-me_ ri-ba-am#-[i3-li2] ts: maḫar sîn-rēmēni mārī ribam-ilī en: before Sîn-rēmēni sons of Ribam-ilī; 21. _igi_ e-mu-uq-szu#-dan [...] ts: maḫar emūq-šudan ... en: before Emūq-šudan ...; 22. _igi_ ip-qu2?-[...] ts: maḫar ipqu ... en: before Ipqu...; left column 1 1. _igi_ e-ri-ib-e2-a _dumu_ sin-e-ri-ba-am ts: maḫar erīb-ea mār sîn-erībam en: before Erīb-ea son of Sîn-erībam; 2. _igi_ dumu-bi-zi-za-na _dumu_ {d}utu-na-s,ir ts: maḫar mār-bizizana mār šamaš-nāṣir en: before Mār-bizizana son of Šamaš-nāṣir; 3. _igi_ a-bu-wa-qar _dumu_ sin-na-wi-ir ts: maḫar abu-waqar mār sîn-nawir en: before Abu-waqar son of Sîn-nawir. column 2 1. _iti gan-gan-e3_ ts: waraḫ kislīmim en: The month of Kislīmum, 2. _mu alan 7(disz)!-bi_ ts: šanat sebet ṣalmī en: the year “(Ḫammurapi made) seven statues”. envelope obverse beginning broken 1'. qa2-[du-um _1(disz) 1/3(disz)_ ...] ts: qadum ištēn u šaluš ... en: along with one and one-third ... 2'. sza _ki_ [{d}utu-be-el]-i3-li2 _dumu_ s,il2-[li2-{d}utu] ts: ša itti šamaš-bēl-ilī mār ṣillī-šamaš en: that from Šamaš-bēl-ilī son of Ṣillī-šamaš 3'. {disz}ma-an#-[na-szi] _lukur_ {d}]utu# _dumu-munus_ ni-id-nu-sza ts: mannaši nadīt šamaš mārat nidnuša en: Mannaši nadītu of Šamaš daughter of Nidnuša 4'. i-sza-mu i-tu-ur2# {d#}utu#-be-el-i3-li2 ts: išāmu itūr šamaš-bēl-ilī en: had bought, again Šamaš-bēl-ilī 5'. a-na ma-an-na-szi _lukur_ {d}utu ir-gu#-um#-ma ts: ana mannaši nadīt šamaš irgumma en: have brought a claim against Mannaši nadītu of Šamaš, so 6'. _di-ku5-mesz#_ szar-ri-im ts: dayyānū šarrim en: the judges of the king 7'. di-nam u2-sza-hi-zu-szu-nu-ti#-[ma] ts: dīnam ušāḫizūšunūtīma en: have tried against them and, 8'. i-na sza-sza-ri-im sza {d}utu ts: ina ša(š)šārim ša šamaš en: by means of the saw of Šamaš, 9'. _e2_ u2-sa-an-ni-qu2-u2-ma ts: bītum u(s)sanniqūma Expected: ussanniqma en: the house has been checked and 10'. _1(u) 2(disz) gin2 e2_ a-na _ka_ tup-pa-at# ts: šinšeret šiqil bītum ana pî ṭuppāt en: 12 shekels of house from the tablets 11'. szi-ma-ti-sza im-t,i3-i-ma ts: šīmātīša imṭīma en: of her purchase were lacking; 12'. ki-ma _1(u) 2(disz) gin2 e2 sila dagal-la_ ts: kīma šinšeret šiqil bītim ribītim en: instead of an area of 12 shekels by the square, 13'. _1/2(disz) sar# e2 ki-gal2_ wa-ar-ka-tam ts: mišil mūšar maškanam warkatam en: a rear area of 30 shekels, 14'. szu#-[pa]-lum# _da e2_ dumu-bi-zi#-za#-na ts: šupalum ṭēḫi bīt mār-bizizana en: low-lying, adjoining the house of Mār-bizizana 15'. _dumu_ ra-ab-bi-ia id-di-szi#-im ts: mār rabbīya iddi(š)šim en: son of Rabbīya, (the judges) have (lit. has) given to her. 16'. asz-szum {d}utu#-be#-el-i3-li2 ts: aššum šamaš-bēl-ilī en: Because Šamaš-bēl-ilī, 17'. [i-tu-ru]-ma ts: itūrūma en: returned (to the matter) and reverse 1. a-na ma-an-na-szi _dumu-munus_ ni-id-nu-sza ts: ana mannaši mārat nidnuša en: against Mannaši daughter of Nidnuša 2. ir-gu-mu ar-nam i-mi-du-szu ts: irgumu arnam īmidūšu en: complained, (the judges) imposed a penalty to him. 3. u2-ul i-ta-ar {d}utu-be-el-i3#-li2 ts: ul itâr šamaš-bēl-ilī en: (That) again Šamaš-bēl-ilī, 4. {disz}{d}zar-pa-ni-tum-um-mi _dam-ni#_ ts: zarpanitum-ummī aššassu en: his wife Zarpanitum-ummī, 5. {disz}be-le-ti-ia _lukur_ {d}utu ts: bēletīya nadīt šamaš en: Bēletīya the nadītu of Šamaš 6. u3 ta-ad-di#-in-nu-nu# _nu-bar dumu-mesz_ ts: u taddin-nunu kulmašītum mārū en: and Taddin-nunu the kulmašītu, the sons 7. a-na ma-an-na-szi _dumu-munus_ ni-id-nu#-sza ts: ana mannaši mārat nidnuša en: against Mannaši daughter of Nidnuša 8. u3# a-ah-hi-sza u2-ul i-ra-ga#-am ts: u aḫḫīša ul ira(g)gam en: and her brothers will not sue, 9. _mu_ {d}utu {d}a-a {d}marduk ts: nīš šamaš ayya marduk en: by the life of Šamaš, Ayya, Marduk, 10. {disz}ha-am-mu-ra-pi2 u3 {iri}zimbir#[{ki} it-mu-u2] ts: ḫammurapi u sippar itmû en: Ḫammurapi and Sippar they have sworn. 11. _igi_ {d}suen-e-ri-ba-am _dumu_ i-ku-pi2-[sza] ts: maḫar sîn-erībam mār ikū(n)-pīša en: Before Sîn-erībam son of Ikūn-pīša; 12. _igi_ na-ra-am-i3-li2-szu# _dumu_ a-li2-hat-{d#}[utu] ts: maḫar nāram-ilīšu mār ali-ḫaṭ-šamaš en: before Nāram-ilīšu son of Ali-ḫaṭ-šamaš; 13. _igi#_ bur-{d}suen _dumu_ s,i2-li-lum# ts: maḫar būr-sîn mār ṣi(l)lilum en: before Būr-sîn son of Ṣillilum; 14. [_igi_] mu#-na-wi-[rum] _dumu_ i-ku#-pi2#-[sza] ts: maḫar muna(w)wirum mār ikū(n)-pīša en: before Munawwirum son of Ikūn-pīša; 15. [_igi_ dingir-szu-a-bu-szu _igi_ {d}utu]-an-dul3-li2 ts: maḫar ilšu-abūšu maḫar šamaš-ṣulūlī en: before Ilšu-abūšu, before Šamaš-ṣulūlī 16. _dumu-me_ {d}[utu]-ga-mil# ts: mārī šamaš-gāmil en: sons of Šamaš-gāmil; 17. _igi_ nu-ur2-i3-li2-[szu] _dumu_ sin-ub-lam ts: maḫar nūr-ilīšu mār sîn-ublam en: before Nūr-ilīšu son of Sîn-ublam; 18. _igi_ {d}suen-[na]-s,ir# _dumu_ en-nam-sin ts: maḫar sîn-nāṣir mār ennam-sîn en: before Sîn-nāṣir son of Ennam-sîn; 19. _igi#_ {d}suen#-isz-me-<a>-ni _igi_ ib-ni-{d}we-er ts: maḫar sîn-išmea(n)ni maḫar ibni-wer en: before Sîn-išmeanni, before Ibni-wer, 20. [_igi_ {d}]suen#-re-me-ni _dumu_ ri-ba-am-i3#-[li2] ts: maḫar sîn-rēmēni mārī ribam-ilī en: before Sîn-rēmēni sons of Ribam-ilī. rest broken left 1. [...] x _di-ku5-mesz_ ts: ... dayyānū en: ... the judges broken 1'. [_iti gan-gan]-e3# mu alan# [7(disz)!-bi_] ts: waraḫ kislīmim šanat sebet ṣalmī en: The month of Kislīmum, the year “(Ḫammurapi made) seven statues”. seal 1 (uninscribed) 1. _kiszib3_ dingir-szu-a-bu-szu ts: kunuk ilšu-abūšu en: Seal of Ilšu-abūšu seal 2 (uninscribed) 1. _kiszib3_ e-ri-ib-e2-a ts: kunuk erīb-ea en: Seal of Erīb-ea seal 3 (uninscribed) 1. _kiszib3_ bur-sin ts: kunuk būr-sîn en: Seal of Būr-sîn seal 4 (uninscribed) 1. _kiszib3_ nu-ur2-i3-li2-szu ts: kunuk nūr-ilīšu en: Seal of Nūr-ilīšu seal 5 (uninscribed) 1. _kiszib3_ e-mu-uq-szu#-da#-[an] ts: kunuk emūq-šudan en: Seal of Emūq-šudan seal 6 (uninscribed) 1. _kiszib3_ mu-na-wi-rum ts: kunuk muna(w)wirum en: Seal of Munawwirum seal 7 (uninscribed) 1. _kiszib3_ sin-e-ri-ba-am ts: kunuk sîn-erībam en: Seal of Sîn-erībam